The numbers I am about to give you are from Guatemala City. Coffee grows throughout Central America so I expect this is fairly representative of prices in big cities. Like most crops, coffee is not grown in the city so city prices will be higher than prices closer to where it is grown.
First, what does a cup of coffee cost in a restaurant? In a little restaurant I have been to many times, breakfast which includes a cup of coffee costs Q15 (a little less than $2). I saw someone come in for only a coffee and it cost him Q3 or about $.40. On the other end, in Rey Sol, a very nice vegetarian restaurant where my typical breakfast with coffee costs Q35, I bought a coffee for a friend and it cost Q15. I am sure there are places where you can pay a lot more for a coffee but they are not on the list of places where I eat.
A pound of coffee in a store costs from Q35 to maybe Q80. Rey Sol sells organic coffee for Q40 a pound but it is a lighter roast than I really like. I have found ground coffee I really like at that price but, strange as it may seem, there seems to be little whole bean coffee in local places in the city.
My strangest coffee experience was when a friend offered to take me out for a coffee in downtown Alajuela Costa Rica. He took me to McDonald’s where they offered Nescafe. Note that I am not trying to badmouth Costa Rica, they grow good coffee and there are lots of places to get it — I think his intent was to treat me to something special. It was special, I guess as that was the first time in probably 40 years I went to a Micky-Ds for anything other that to use their restroom.